The F Harmonic Minor scale contains seven notes: F, G, A♭, B♭, C, D♭, and E. It follows the whole-step / half-step pattern W-H-W-W-H-A-H.
F Harmonic Minor Scale Notes
| Degree | Name | Note | Interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tonic | F | P1 |
| 2 | Supertonic | G | M2 |
| ♭3 | Mediant | A♭ | m3 |
| 4 | Subdominant | B♭ | P4 |
| 5 | Dominant | C | P5 |
| ♭6 | Submediant | D♭ | m6 |
| 7 | Leading Tone | E | M7 |
| 8 | Octave | F | P8 |
Key Signature
The F Harmonic Minor Scale uses the same key signature as F natural minor (its relative major, Ab Major) — 4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭). The raised 7th degree is written as an accidental, not in the signature.
B♭E♭A♭D♭
Written as accidentals
E♮
Order of flats
Flats are added in a fixed order — the reverse of the sharp order. Each new flat key adds the next flat on the list.
B♭E♭A♭D♭G♭C♭F♭
Mnemonic: Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’ Father
Diatonic Chords in the F Harmonic Minor Scale
These are the triads built on each degree of the F Harmonic Minor Scale:
| Degree | Numeral | Chord | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | i | F Minor | Minor |
| 2 | ii° | G Diminished | Diminished |
| 3 | III+ | A♭ Augmented | Augmented |
| 4 | iv | B♭ Minor | Minor |
| 5 | V | C Major | Major |
| 6 | VI | D♭ Major | Major |
| 7 | vii° | E Diminished | Diminished |
F Harmonic Minor Scale — Frequently Asked Questions
What notes are in the F Harmonic Minor Scale?
The F Harmonic Minor Scale contains: F G Ab Bb C Db E (plus the octave). It is the F Natural Minor scale with the 7th degree raised by one semitone (to E). This creates the characteristic augmented 2nd interval between the b6 and the raised 7th.
How does the F Harmonic Minor Scale differ from F Natural Minor?
The only difference is the 7th degree: Natural Minor uses b7, while Harmonic Minor raises it to a natural 7th (E). This raised 7th creates a stronger leading tone that resolves powerfully back to the tonic, and produces the characteristic augmented 2nd (3 semitones) between the b6 and raised 7th.
What is the augmented 2nd and why does it matter?
The augmented 2nd is the 3-semitone gap between the b6 and raised 7th of the harmonic minor scale. In F Harmonic Minor this falls between Db and E. This unusual interval gives the harmonic minor its exotic, dramatic character — it is common in flamenco, classical music, and Middle Eastern music.
Why is it called the harmonic minor scale?
It is called "harmonic" minor because the raised 7th allows the construction of a major V chord (dominant chord) in a minor key. In F Minor, the natural V chord would be minor (using b7), but with the raised 7th, V becomes a major chord with a strong tritone tension that resolves back to the i chord — the basis of harmonic progression in minor keys.
What is the fingering for the F Harmonic Minor Scale?
Right hand: 12341234. Left hand: 54321321. The harmonic minor uses the same fingering as the natural minor scale — the raised 7th does not change finger placement. Practice each hand separately at slow tempo before combining.
What music uses the F Harmonic Minor Scale?
Harmonic minor scales are used extensively in Classical music (Baroque through Romantic), flamenco, Arabic maqam music, Jewish klezmer, and metal. The F Harmonic Minor Scale gives a dramatic, almost exotic flavour to melodies and is common in the works of Bach, Beethoven, and Paganini.