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A piano reference: chords, scales, theory. Full MIDI.

Chord type

Minor Chords on Piano

The minor chord is the second most important chord in music, a three-note triad built from the root, minor third, and perfect fifth. It has a dark, melancholic, and emotional sound that provides contrast to the brightness of major chords.

Pick a key to hear and see it below. Each key opens a full reference entry with a keyboard diagram, audio, inversions, fingerings, and notation.

Featured key

C Minor Chord

Notes: C - E♭ - G

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Open the full C Minor Chord reference ›
Formula: Root – Minor 3rd – Perfect 5th
Intervals: 3 semitones + 4 semitones (from root)
Scale degrees: 1–♭3–5
Sound: Dark, melancholic, emotional, expressive
Symbol: Lowercase m after the letter (Cm, Dm, Em etc.)
Major vs Minor: The only difference is the third: major chords have a major third (4 semitones from root), minor chords have a minor third (3 semitones). That one semitone changes the entire emotional character from bright and happy to dark and melancholic.

Minor Chord in All 18 Keys

All 18 spellings, ♯ and ♭ keys listed separately.

Select any key to see notes, the interactive keyboard, inversions, fingering, and practice tips.