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Chord progressions · The hub

Chord progressions

A chord progression is a sequence of chords played in a set order, the harmonic backbone that gives a piece of music its sense of movement and resolution.

The most common progression · I – V – vi – IV
Version
Notation
C1C2C3CEGC5C6C7C8
IC
80 BPM
Root-position blocks move in leaps. Voice leading holds the common tones and steps the rest —
Hear it, then change the key to move the same pattern anywhere. The Roman numerals stay put; the notes follow the key.

Nearly every song you know is built on a chord progression. The most common chord progressions are short loops, three or four chords, that repeat under a melody: play them and a song starts to take shape almost on its own. This is the reference for piano chord progressions, from the four-chord pop loop to the jazz ii–V–I, each one written in Roman numerals so it moves cleanly to any key, and each one playable on the keyboard above.

The common progressions

Four patterns cover most of popular music. Open any one to hear it, read how it works, and play it in every key.

New to progressions? Start in order

There is a sensible order to learn these in, the way a teacher would hand them to you one at a time.

All 23 patterns, by family

The complete set, grouped by family. Every name opens a full page with an interactive player.

Frequently asked

What is a chord progression?

A chord progression is a sequence of chords played in a set order. It is the harmonic backbone of a piece: the chords move away from the home chord to build tension, then resolve back to it, and that motion is what gives music its sense of direction.

What is the most common chord progression?

The most common chord progression in popular music is I–V–vi–IV, the four-chord pattern heard in hundreds of songs. In the key of C that is C, G, A minor, F. Because it is written in Roman numerals you can move it to any key.

Why write chord progressions in Roman numerals?

Roman numerals name each chord by its scale degree rather than its letter, so one pattern describes the same progression in all 18 keys. Learn I–V–vi–IV once and you can play it in C, in E, or in Cb without relearning it; the player on this page transposes it for you.

How do I practice chord progressions on piano?

Start with one common progression, play it slowly as block chords in the right hand, then let the shared notes stay put while the other voices step to the nearest note (voice leading). Change the key on the player to hear the same pattern move, and follow the learning-order roadmap for a sequence a teacher would give you.

References & Further Reading

The note names, intervals, fingering, and harmony on this page page are grounded in the following sources. Public domain treatises and scores are linked to their full text; primary data is piano.org's own interval-derived reference dataset — continuously maintained and human-verified, with no fixed publication date.

  1. 1

    Prout, Ebenezer(1889)

    Harmony: Its Theory and Practice

    Public domain treatise
  2. 2

    Goetschius, Percy(1889)

    The Material Used in Musical Composition

    Public domain treatise
  3. 3

    Riemann, Hugo(1896)

    Harmony Simplified (English translation)

    Public domain treatise
  4. 4

Spot something that looks off? Use the note form below — corrections are reviewed by hand.

Entry maintained by Justin Evans. Every progression here is playable and transposable; corrections are read and applied.Report an error

Corrections

Found an error or omission in this entry? Send a correction. Every submission is reviewed.

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