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B♭ Diminished 7th

Notes: B♭ - D♭ - F♭ - A♭♭ | Degrees: 1 - ♭3 - ♭5 - ♭♭7 | Written: B♭dim7, B♭°7

Construction: Root, Minor 3rd, Diminished 5th, Diminished 7th

It is built by stacking three minor thirds, creating a fully symmetrical 4-note chord, giving it a extremely tense and dramatic character, fully symmetrical and harmonically versatile

Fingering: RH 2-3-4-5, LH 5-4-3-2

Inversions: Root B♭dim7 - 1st B♭dim7/D♭ - 2nd B♭dim7/F♭ - 3rd B♭dim7/A♭♭

A♯ Diminished 7th
This is the same chord as A♯ Diminished 7th: the same keys on the keyboard, spelled with sharps.
Related boards
B♭dim79 st, 124.0 mmRoot position, figured bass 7

B♭3, D♭4, F♭4, A♭♭4

Fingerings

Root position: either hand, fingers low note to high
HandNotesFingers
RightB♭, D♭, F♭, A♭♭2-3-4-5
LeftB♭, D♭, F♭, A♭♭5-4-3-2

Close-position standard fingering: either hand takes the whole shape. Thumb is 1, little finger is 5.

B♭ Diminished 7th: notes and degrees

B♭dim7 contains B♭, D♭, F♭ and A♭♭. Three stacked minor thirds.

Scale degree, note, and interval measured from the root.
DegreeNoteInterval from rootSemitones
1B♭Perfect unison0
♭3D♭Minor third3
♭5F♭Tritone6
♭♭7A♭♭Major sixth9

B♭ and D♭ are black keys; F♭ and A♭♭ are white.

Construction

B♭ Diminished 7th = Root + Minor 3rd + Diminished 5th + Major 6th = B♭, D♭, F♭, A♭♭
NoteIntervalDegree
B♭Root1
D♭Minor 3rd♭3
F♭Diminished 5th♭5
A♭♭Major 6th6

Fingering

NoteKey colorRight handLeft hand
B♭blackindex finger (2)little finger (5)
D♭blackmiddle finger (3)ring finger (4)
F♭whitering finger (4)middle finger (3)
A♭♭whitelittle finger (5)index finger (2)

Right hand: index finger (2) on B♭, middle finger (3) on D♭, ring finger (4) on F♭, little finger (5) on A♭♭.

Left hand: little finger (5) on B♭, ring finger (4) on D♭, middle finger (3) on F♭, index finger (2) on A♭♭.

B♭ Diminished 7th Inversions

  • Root position
    B♭ – D♭ – F♭ – A♭♭
  • 1st inversion (B♭dim7/D♭)
    D♭ – F♭ – A♭♭ – B♭
  • 2nd inversion (B♭dim7/F♭)
    F♭ – A♭♭ – B♭ – D♭
  • 3rd inversion (B♭dim7/A♭♭)
    A♭♭ – B♭ – D♭ – F♭

Key Signature

A Diminished 7th chord is built from symmetrical or ambiguous intervals, so it doesn't belong to a single key and has no key signature of its own.

Chords in the Key of B♭ Major

These are the triads built on each degree of B♭ Major:

C1C2C3C4C5DFC6C7C8B♭
IB♭ Major (major)
DegreeNumeralChordQuality
1IB♭ MajorMajor
2iiC MinorMinor
3iiiD MinorMinor
4IVE♭ MajorMajor
5VF MajorMajor
6viG MinorMinor
7vii°A DiminishedDiminished

Same Notes, Other Names

The notes B♭ – D♭ – F♭ – A♭♭ aren’t exclusive to this chord. Depending on which note is the bass and how the chord functions, the same pitches also spell the following:

B♭ Diminished 7th : Frequently Asked Questions

What notes are in B♭dim7?
B♭dim7 contains B♭, D♭, F♭ and A♭♭. The formula is 1, ♭3, ♭5, ♭♭7.
How do you play B♭dim7 on piano?
Play B♭, D♭, F♭ and A♭♭ together. Right hand fingers 2, 3, 4, 5; left hand 5, 4, 3, 2. B♭ and D♭ are black keys; F♭ and A♭♭ are white.
What are the inversions of B♭dim7?
4 positions: root position B♭ D♭ F♭ A♭♭, B♭dim7/D♭, B♭dim7/F♭, B♭dim7/A♭♭.
What is the difference between B♭dim7 and B♭dim?
Drops A♭♭. 3 of the notes are shared.
What is an easy B♭dim7 for small hands?
The guide tones, ♭3 and ♭♭7 voicing, D♭4 A♭♭4, spans 6 semitones or about 83 mm.
What are the frequencies of B♭dim7?
From B♭3 at A440 in 12-TET: 233.08, 277.18, 329.63, 392.00 Hz.
What is the set class of B♭dim7?
Prime form (0369), Forte 4-28, interval vector <004002>.
How do I transpose B♭dim7 to another key?
Keep the 1, ♭3, ♭5, ♭♭7 formula on the new root. C♯dim7 is C♯, E, G, B♭; Ddim7 is D, F, A♭, C♭.
Is A♯dim7 the same as B♭dim7?
Enharmonically yes: the same piano keys and the same sound, spelled differently.

B♭ Diminished 7th in detail

Exact

Every pitch class is present and nothing outside the chord is added.

TypeNotesSemitonesSpanOmissions and additionsSet relationFit
Close, root positionB♭3 D♭4 F♭4 A♭♭49124 mmnoneidentical
Close, first inversionD♭4 F♭4 A♭♭4 B♭49124 mmnoneidentical
Close, second inversionF♭4 A♭♭4 B♭4 D♭59124 mmnoneidentical
Close, third inversionA♭♭4 B♭4 D♭5 F♭59124 mmnoneidentical
Drop 2F♭3 B♭3 D♭4 A♭♭415206 mmnoneidentical
Drop 3D♭3 B♭3 F♭4 A♭♭418248 mmnoneidentical
Drop 2 and 4B♭2 F♭3 D♭4 A♭♭421289 mmnoneidentical

Reduced

A subset of the pitch classes: the identity is incomplete rather than altered.

TypeNotesSemitonesSpanOmissions and additionsSet relationFit
Shell, root ♭♭7 ♭3B♭2 A♭♭3 D♭415206 mmomits F♭subset
Guide tones, ♭3 and ♭♭7D♭4 A♭♭4683 mmomits B♭ and F♭subset
Rootless closeD♭4 F♭4 A♭♭4683 mmomits B♭subset

Spans are measured centre to centre at a 165 mm octave (standard keyboard geometry).

Change one note

Chords a single note away, and what moving that note does.

ChordChangeFormulaCommon tones
B♭dimdrops A♭♭1 ♭3 ♭53
B♭m7♭5A♭♭ becomes A♭1 ♭3 ♭5 ♭73
B♭m6F♭ becomes F1 ♭3 5 63
B♭mF♭, A♭♭ becomes F1 ♭3 52
B♭m7F♭, A♭♭ becomes F, A♭1 ♭3 5 ♭72
B♭mMaj7F♭, A♭♭ becomes F, A1 ♭3 5 72
B♭6D♭, F♭ becomes D, F1 3 5 62

Frequencies

NoteMIDIFrequency
B♭358233.08 Hz
D♭461277.18 Hz
F♭464329.63 Hz
A♭♭467392.00 Hz

Reference pitch A440, 12-TET, close root position.

Set theory: prime form, Forte number, interval vector
Absolute pitch class set
{10, 1, 4, 7}
Normal order
[1, 4, 7, 10]
Prime form
(0369)
Forte number
4-28
Interval vector
<004002>
PairIntervalSemitonesInterval class
B♭ to D♭Minor third33
B♭ to F♭Tritone66
B♭ to A♭♭Major sixth93
D♭ to F♭Minor third33
D♭ to A♭♭Tritone66
F♭ to A♭♭Minor third33

Where these facts come from

Every value on this page is derived from the note formula for a diminished 7th applied to the root B♭, using standard music theory. Nothing here is hand-entered per chord, so the notes, intervals, inversions and frequencies cannot drift out of agreement with each other. Pitches assume 12-TET at A440.

References and further reading

The visible claims on this chord page are grounded in these verified sources.

  1. 1. Salomon Jadassohn (1883)

    A Manual of Harmony

    Public domain treatise
  2. 2. Percy Goetschius (1889)

    The Material Used in Musical Composition

    Public domain treatise
  3. 3. Ebenezer Prout (1889)

    Harmony: Its Theory and Practice

    Public domain treatise
  4. 4. piano.org

    piano.org chord note dataset: 43 chord types × 18 keys, derived from interval construction rules

    Primary data