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Mode · Reference entry

A Aeolian Mode

Aeolian mode · A – B – C – D – E – F – G – A · intervals P1-M2-m3-P4-P5-m6-m7-P8

The A Aeolian Mode contains the notes A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Its step pattern is W-H-W-W-H-W-W. The natural minor scale — somber and lyrical, the foundation of most minor-key Western music.

Also known asA Natural Minor Scale →

At the keyboard

A · B · C · D · E · F · G
Flashcards · Scale
Three questions on A Aeolian Mode
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The A Minor scale contains seven notes: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. It follows the whole-step / half-step pattern W-H-W-W-H-W-W.

The A Minor scale (more precisely, the A Natural Minor scale) is the first minor scale most pianists learn, and it is the relative minor of C Major. Its notes — A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and A — sit on the seven white keys of the piano, just like C Major. The only difference is where you start and stop: A Minor begins on A, follows the minor pattern (W-H-W-W-H-W-W), and lands back on A. That single change of "home note" is what gives the scale its darker, more reflective character.

Because A Minor and C Major share every note, they are called relative keys — they sound completely different but use identical note material. A Minor's parallel major is A Major (same root, opposite mode). The diatonic chords in A Minor — Am, B°, C, Dm, Em, F, G — show up in everything from Bach to Adele. The classic minor progression i–VI–III–VII (Am → F → C → G) is the backbone of countless pop, rock, and ballad songs, including "Stairway to Heaven" and "Hotel California".

A Minor has two close cousins worth knowing about: A Harmonic Minor raises the seventh note (G → G♯) to create a stronger pull back to A, and A Melodic Minor raises both the sixth and seventh ascending. The "natural" version on this page is the unaltered scale and the most common starting point for understanding minor tonality.

A Aeolian Mode Notes

DegreeNameNoteInterval
1TonicAP1
2SupertonicBM2
b3MediantCm3
4SubdominantDP4
5DominantEP5
b6SubmediantFm6
b7Leading ToneGm7
8OctaveAP8

How to Play the A Aeolian Mode

Practice the A Aeolian Mode hands separately at a slow, steady tempo before putting them together. Aim for even rhythm and a relaxed wrist — the goal is a smooth, connected line where every note sounds the same length and volume. Once both hands feel comfortable on their own, layer them at the same slow tempo and only speed up when the joined version is clean.

Right Hand (RH)

Place your right hand over the keys with the thumb on the root. Use the fingering: 1-2-3-1-2-3-4-5 1 = thumb, 2 = index, 3 = middle, 4 = ring, 5 = pinky.

Watch for the thumb tuck: the thumb (1) passes under your fingers at note 4. Keep your wrist level and quiet — only the thumb moves under, the hand stays in place above the keys.

Left Hand (LH)

For the left hand, start with your pinky on the root. Use the fingering: 5-4-3-2-1-3-2-1

Watch for the crossover: a long finger (3 or 4) crosses over the thumb at note 6. Lift the long finger over cleanly without disturbing the thumb. Descending the scale, the thumb will pass under at the same spots in reverse.

Practice routine

  1. One octave, ascending only, right hand alone — slow and even.
  2. One octave, ascending and descending, right hand alone.
  3. Repeat steps 1–2 with the left hand alone.
  4. Hands together, ascending and descending, at the same slow tempo.
  5. Two octaves hands together once step 4 feels comfortable.
  6. Increase the tempo only when the previous tempo is fully clean.

Key Signature

The A Aeolian Mode draws its notes from C Major, so it is written with that key signature: no sharps or flats.

Diatonic Chords in the A Aeolian Mode

These are the triads built on each degree of the A Aeolian Mode:

C1C2C3C4ACEC6C7C8
iA Minor (minor)
DegreeNumeralChordQuality
1iA MinorMinor
2ii°B DiminishedDiminished
3IIIC MajorMajor
4ivD MinorMinor
5vE MinorMinor
6VIF MajorMajor
7VIIG MajorMajor

How Aeolian Relates to the Major Scale

C1C2C3CDEFGABCDEFGABC6C7C8
Mode
Key

A Aeolian uses the same notes as C Major

Relative modes — all share the same notes
C Ionian=D Dorian=E Phrygian=F Lydian=G Mixolydian=A Aeolian=B Locrian

Common Tones

Common tones are the notes that two scales or modes share. Knowing which notes the A mode shares with its parallel modes (same root, different scale) helps with improvisation, modal interchange, and smooth voice leading. The more notes two modes share, the more closely related they sound — and the easier it is to slide between them in a solo or progression.

Parallel ModeCommon NotesShared / 7
A IonianA – B – C – G – A5 / 7
A DorianA – B – C – G – A5 / 7
A PhrygianA – B – C – G – A5 / 7
A LydianA – B – C – G – A5 / 7
A MixolydianA – B – C – G – A5 / 7
A LocrianA – B – C – G – A5 / 7

A Aeolian Mode — Frequently Asked Questions

What notes are in the A Minor scale?
The A Natural Minor scale has seven unique notes plus the octave: A – B – C – D – E – F – G – A. All seven are white keys on the piano — no sharps or flats. The notes are exactly the same as C Major; only the starting note (and therefore the feel) changes.
How many sharps or flats does A Minor have?
A Natural Minor has zero sharps and zero flats. It shares its key signature with C Major — they are relative keys, meaning they use the exact same notes but with different tonal centers. A Harmonic Minor adds one accidental (G♯), and A Melodic Minor adds two accidentals on the way up (F♯ and G♯).
What is the fingering for the A Minor scale?
Right hand: 1-2-3-1-2-3-4-5 ascending, reverse descending — same fingering as C Major. The thumb tucks under finger 3 between C and D. Left hand: 5-4-3-2-1-3-2-1, with finger 3 crossing over the thumb between E and F.
What is the difference between natural, harmonic, and melodic minor?
Three flavors of minor: Natural Minor uses the unaltered scale (A-B-C-D-E-F-G-A) — the version on this page. Harmonic Minor raises the seventh note (G becomes G♯), which creates a strong pull back to A and gives the scale an exotic, dramatic sound. Melodic Minor raises both the sixth and seventh on the way up (F→F♯, G→G♯) for a smoother ascending line, then reverts to natural minor on the way down.
What is the relative major of A Minor?
The relative major of A Minor is C Major. Both scales share the exact same seven notes — the only difference is where the home note sits. A piece written in A Minor and a piece written in C Major would have identical key signatures (no sharps or flats) but completely different emotional centers.
What chords are in the key of A Minor?
The seven diatonic chords in A Minor are Am (i), B° (ii°), C (III), Dm (iv), Em (v), F (VI), G (VII). The classic minor progression i–VI–III–VII in A is Am → F → C → G — the chord engine behind "Stairway to Heaven", "Hotel California", and dozens of other rock and pop standards.

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Entry reviewed and maintained by Justin Evans. Corrections are read and applied.Report an error

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