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Chord · Reference entry

A Minor

Minor · A – C – E · intervals P1-m3-P5

The A Minor chord (Am) contains the notes A, C, and E. Its interval formula is R-m3-P5. Darker and more melancholy than its major counterpart — used from ballads to film scores.

At the keyboard

A · C · E
Flashcards · Chord
Three questions on A Minor
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Am

The A Minor chord is a three-note chord made up of A, C, and E. It is built from a root, minor third, and perfect fifth.

Construction

A Minor = Root + Minor 3rd + Perfect 5th = A · C · E
NoteIntervalDegree
ARoot1
CMinor 3rd♭3
EPerfect 5th5

How to Play the A Minor

Right Hand (RH)

Place your right hand over the keys with the thumb on the root. Use the fingering: 1 – 3 – 5

Left Hand (LH)

For the left hand, start with your pinky on the root. Use the fingering: 5 – 3 – 1

A Minor Inversions

A Minor piano chord, 1st inversion — C, E, A
The A Minor chord, 1st inversion, on a piano keyboard.
A Minor piano chord, 2nd inversion — E, A, C
The A Minor chord, 2nd inversion, on a piano keyboard.
PositionNotes
Root PositionA – C – E
1st InversionC – E – A
2nd InversionE – A – C

Key Signature

A chord has no key signature of its own, but the A Minor is the tonic (i) chord of A Minor, which shares the signature of its relative major, C Majorno sharps or flats.

Chords in the Key of A Minor

These are the triads built on each degree of the A minor scale:

C1C2C3C4ACEC6C7C8
iA Minor (minor)
DegreeNumeralChordQuality
1iA MinorMinor
2ii°B DiminishedDiminished
3IIIC MajorMajor
4ivD MinorMinor
5vE MinorMinor
6VIF MajorMajor
7VIIG MajorMajor

How A Minor functions in a key

The same chord takes on a different harmonic role depending on the key it appears in. Here is where A Minor sits diatonically across the common keys:

  • In C major, A Minor is the vi chordthe tonic.
  • In A minor, A Minor is the i chordthe tonic.
  • In G major, A Minor is the ii chorda predominant.
  • In E minor, A Minor is the iv chorda predominant.
  • In F major, A Minor is the iii chorda mediant / color chord.
  • In D minor, A Minor is the v chord.

Common A Minor Progressions

Pick a progression and press play. Change the key to hear it anywhere — every chord is built from the same theory as the chord pages, so the notes always agree.

Version
Notation
C1C2C3C4ACEC6C7C8
iAm
80 BPM
Root-position blocks move in leaps. Voice leading holds the common tones and steps the rest —

The epic minor loop — cinematic and driving, heard across pop, rock and film scores.

A Minor — Frequently Asked Questions

What is the A Minor chord on piano?
The A Minor chord contains the notes A – C – E. On piano, play these notes together to sound the chord.
What notes make up the A Minor chord?
A Minor contains three notes: A (root), C (minor third), and E (perfect fifth). All three are white keys — A Minor is the simplest minor chord on the piano and the relative minor of C Major.
What fingering do I use for A Minor?
Right hand: finger 1 on A, finger 3 on C, finger 5 on E. Left hand: finger 5 on A, finger 3 on C, finger 1 on E. The all-white-key layout makes Am as easy as C Major, and both share two notes (C and E).
What are the inversions of A Minor?
First inversion (Am/C): C–E–A. Second inversion (Am/E): E–A–C. Am/C is particularly versatile — with C in the bass, this inversion blurs the boundary between Am and C Major, creating ambiguity that composers use expressively.
What songs use the A Minor chord?
A Minor is one of the most used chords in music. It appears in Stairway to Heaven, The House of the Rising Sun, and is part of the iconic Am–F–C–G progression heard in Let Her Go (Passenger), Counting Stars (OneRepublic), and hundreds more.
What chords pair well with A Minor?
Am pairs naturally with F Major (VI), C Major (III), G Major (VII), and E Major (V). Am–F–C–G and Am–G–F–E are two of the most common progressions in pop. In classical music, Am resolves powerfully to E Major or E7 (dominant).
What is the relationship between A Minor and C Major?
A Minor is the relative minor of C Major — they share the same key signature (no sharps or flats) and the same seven notes. This is why songs can shift between Am and C Major feeling without a key change: they are two sides of the same tonal coin.

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References & Further Reading

The note names, intervals, fingering, and harmony on this chord page are grounded in the following sources. Public domain treatises and scores are linked to their full text; primary data is piano.org's own interval-derived reference dataset — continuously maintained and human-verified, with no fixed publication date.

  1. 1

    Riemann, Hugo(1896)

    Harmony Simplified (English translation)

    Public domain treatise
  2. 2

    George Grove (ed.)(1900)

    A Dictionary of Music and Musicians

    Public domain treatise
  3. 3

    W. A. Mozart(1783)

    Piano Sonata No. 11 in A major, K. 331

    Public domain score
  4. 4

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