A transposing instrument reads music written at a different pitch than it sounds. The written part is shifted so the player’s fingerings stay consistent across the family, while a piano (a concert-pitch, non-transposing instrument) sounds exactly what is on the page. That mismatch is why a Guitar (octave) playing from a piano’s sheet music will sound in the wrong key unless the part is transposed first.
Why the Guitar (octave) is pitched in C
Octave-transposing instruments like the Guitar (octave) keep the same note and key names as the piano — the music is written an octave away only so it fits neatly on the staff without a forest of ledger lines. When you read from a lead sheet or a piano part, no key transposition is needed; just mind the octave when you double a piano line.
Guitar (octave) transposition — FAQ
Is the Guitar (octave) a transposing instrument?
Do I need to transpose Guitar (octave) music for piano?
Related
Conversions are computed from the instrument’s transposition interval using interval math, not a hand-typed table, so every enharmonic spelling is correct.